Sphyrna zygaena, Smooth hammerhead : fisheries, gamefish

Sphyrna zygaena (Linnaeus, 1758)

Smooth hammerhead
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Native range | All suitable habitat | Point map | Year 2050
This map was computer-generated and has not yet been reviewed.
Sphyrna zygaena   AquaMaps   Data sources: GBIF OBIS
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Klassificering / Namn Populärnamn | synonymer | Catalog of Fishes(Släkte, Arter) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa

Elasmobranchii (hajar och rockor) (sharks and rays) > Carcharhiniformes (Ground sharks) > Sphyrnidae (Hammerhead, bonnethead, or scoophead sharks)
Etymology: Sphyrna: Probable misspelling of sphyra (Gr.), hammer, referring to their hammer-shaped heads (See ETYFish); zygaena: zygaina, ancient Greek name for hammerhead sharks, derived from zygon, yoke, alluding to yoke-like shape of cephalofoil (See ETYFish).
More on author: Linnaeus.

Miljö: miljö / Klimatzon / djupintervall / distributionsområde Ekologi

marina; brackvatten pelagic-oceanic; havsvandrande (Ref. 13562); djupintervall 0 - 200 m (Ref. 5578), usually 0 - 20 m (Ref. 55303). Subtropical; 59°N - 55°S, 180°W - 180°E

Utbredning Territorier | FAO områden | Ekosystem | Förekomster | Prickkarta | Utplanteringar | Faunafri

Circumglobal: tropical to temperate seas.

Längd vid första mognad / Storlek / Vikt / Ålder

Könsmognad: Lm 250.0, range 265 - ? cm
Max length : 500 cm TL hane/ej könsbestämd; (Ref. 35388); common length : 335 cm TL hane/ej könsbestämd; (Ref. 13562); publicerad maxvikt: 400.0 kg (Ref. 9987); rapporterad maxålder: 21 år (Ref. 116211)

Kort beskrivning Bestämningsnycklar | Morfologi | Morfometri

Taggstrålar i ryggfenan (totalt) : 0; Taggstrålar i analfenan: 0. A large hammerhead without a notch at the center of the curved headhead (Ref. 58085); but with prominent lateral indentations; prenarial grooves well-developed; snout short, 1/5 to less than a third of head width; mouth broadly arched (Ref. 114967); the first dorsal fin is moderately high, the second dorsal and pelvic fins are low. Colour olive-grey or dark grey above, white below, and the undersides of the pectoral fin tips dusky (Ref. 58085).
Body shape (shape guide): elongated; Cross section: angular.

Biologi     Ordlista (t.ex. epibenthic)

Occurs inshore and well offshore (Ref. 5578), over continental and insular shelves (Ref. 244). Coastal, pelagic, and semi-oceanic, but often bottom associated at 1-139 m (Ref. 58302). Migrates northward in summer; young often in large aggregations of hundreds of individuals (Ref. 13562). Prefers to feed on small sharks, skates and stingrays, but also preys on bony fishes, shrimps, crabs, barnacles and cephalopods (Ref. 244). Viviparous (Ref. 50449). Regarded as being dangerous to people, though only few can be tentatively attributed to this species due to its occurrence in temperate waters (Ref. 244). Reported to cause poisoning (Ref. 4690). Caught occasionally by shark and tuna longline fisheries (Ref.58048). Meat utilized fresh, dried-salted, and possibly smoked for human consumption; liver oil for vitamins, fins for soup, hide for leather, and carcasses for fishmeal (Ref. 244). Used in Chinese medicine (Ref. 12166). Become sexually mature when 250 to 300 cm long. The female gives birth to 30 - 40 young (Ref. 35388).

Livscykel och parningsbeteende Könsmognad | Reproduktion | Lek | Ägg | Fekunditet | Larver

Viviparous, placental (Ref. 50449), with 20 to 50 young per litter (Ref. 6871)after a gestation period of 10-11 months (Ref.58048). Size at birth between 50-60 cm TL (Ref. 13562).

Huvudreferens Ladda upp dina referenser | referenser | Koordinator : Compagno, Leonard J.V. | Medarbetare

Compagno, L.J.V., 1984. FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 4. Sharks of the world. An annotated and illustrated catalogue of shark species known to date. Part 2 - Carcharhiniformes. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(4/2):251-655. Rome: FAO. (Ref. 244)

Status på IUCN:s rödlista (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-2 (Global))

  Sårbar (VU) (A2bd); Date assessed: 08 November 2018

CITES

Appendix II: International trade monitored

CMS (Ref. 116361)

Appendix II: Migratory species conserved through agreements

Hot mot människor

  Traumatogenic (Ref. 244)





Mänskliga användningsområden

Fiskeri: kommersiell; sportfisk: ja
FAO - fiskeri: landings search; Publication: search | FishSource | Havet omkring oss

Ytterligare information

Trofisk ekologi
Livsmedelsartiklar (preys)
Födosammansättning
Födointag
Matransoner
Predatorer
Ekologi
Ekologi
Populationsdynamik
Tillväxtparametrar
Max. åldrar / storlekar
Längd-vikt rel.
Längd-längd rel.
Längd-frekvenser
Massakonvertering
Rekrytering
Abundans
Livscykel
Reproduktion
Könsmognad
Mognad/Gills rel.
Fekunditet
Lek
Lekande aggregat
Ägg
Utveckling av ägg
Larver
Larvdynamik
Utbredning
Territorier
FAO områden
Ekosystem
Förekomster
Utplanteringar
BRUVS - Videor
Anatomi
Gälyta
Hjärna
Otolit
Fysiologi
Kroppssammansättning
Näringsämnen
Syreförbrukning
Typ av simning
Simhastighet
Visuella pigment
Ljud från fisk
Sjukdomar & Parasiter
Toxicitet (LC50)
Genetik
Genom
Genetik
Heterozygositet
Ärftlighet
Genetisk mångfald
Människorelaterad
Vattenbrukssystem
Vattenbruksprofiler
Avelslinjer
Ciguatera-fall
Frimärken, mynt, diverse.
Uppsökande verksamhet
Medarbetare
Taxonomi
Populärnamn
synonymer
Morfologi
Morfometri
Bilder
referenser
referenser

Verktyg

E-bok | Fälthandbok | Bestämningsnycklar | Längdfördelnings-verktyg | Livshistorie-verktyg | Prickkarta | Fångst-MSY |

Särskilda rapporter

Kontrollera för underhåll av akvarium | Kontrollera om det finns faktablad om arter | Kontrollera om det finns faktablad om vattenbruk

Ladda ner XML

Sammanfattande sida | Punktdata | Populärnamn | foton

Internet-källor

AFORO (otoliths) | Aquatic Commons | BHL | Cloffa | Websites from users | Check FishWatcher | CISTI | Catalog of Fishes: Släkte, Arter | DiscoverLife | ECOTOX | FAO - fiskeri: landings search; Publication: search | Faunafri | Fishipedia | Fishtrace | GloBI | GoMexSI (interaction data) | Google Books | Google Scholar | Google | IGFA World Record | Nationella databaser | OneZoom | Open Tree of Life | Otolith Atlas of Taiwan Fishes | PubMed | Reef Life Survey | Socotra Atlas | TreeBase | Tree of Life | Wikipedia: Go, sök | World Records Freshwater Fishing | Zoologiskt register

Uppskattningar baserade på modeller

Index för fylogenetisk mångfald
(Ref. 82804) 		PD50 = 0.5006 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight a=0.00398 (0.00297 - 0.00533), b=3.09 (3.01 - 3.17), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref. 93245).
Trofisk nivå
(Ref. 69278) 		4.3   ±0.0 se; based on diet studies.
Generation time 11.0 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 2 growth studies.
Resiliens
(Ref. 120179) 		Låg, lägsta populationsfördubblingstid 4,5-14 år (tmax=21; tm=8.8; Fec=20-40).
Rate of population increase Prior r = 0.28, 95% CL = 0.19 - 0.42, Based on 1 data-limited stock assessment.
Sårbarhet i fisket
(Ref. 59153) 		High to very high vulnerability (68 of 100). 🛈
Sårbarhet för klimatet
(Ref. 125649) 		Moderate vulnerability (38 of 100). 🛈
Priskategori
(Ref. 80766) 		Low.
Näringsämnen
(Ref. 124155) 		Calcium = 6.91 [1.40, 36.90] mg/100g; Iron = 0.597 [0.147, 1.835] mg/100g; Protein = 21 [19, 23] %; Omega3 = 0.181 [0.072, 0.443] g/100g; Selenium = 28.1 [9.1, 75.6] μg/100g; VitaminA = 6.26 [1.94, 20.86] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.362 [0.178, 0.681] mg/100g (wet weight);