分類 / 名稱
俗名 | 同種異名 | Catalog of Fishes(屬, 種) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
環境: 環境 / 氣候帶 / 深度上下限 / 配送範圍
生態學
海洋; 淡水; 半鹹淡水 居於水底的; 降海洄游 (Ref. 46888); 深度上下限 10 - ? m (Ref. 3791). 亞熱帶的; 32°N - 51°S
Western Atlantic: Bermuda, Florida (USA), Bahamas, and throughout the Caribbean Sea to Argentina.
西大西洋: 百慕達群島,佛羅里達 (美國) ,巴哈馬, 與在加勒比海到阿根廷各處。
初熟時的長度 / 大小 / 重量 / 年齡
成熟度: Lm 35.0, range 40 - ? cm
Max length : 80.0 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 5217); 69.0 cm TL (female); common length : 40.0 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 5217); 最大體重: 9.0 kg (Ref. 5217)
背棘 (總數) : 5; 背的軟條 (總數) : 8; 臀棘: 3; 臀鰭軟條: 8.
Body shape (shape guide): fusiform / normal.
Inhabit coastal marine waters and brackish estuaries (Ref. 3791); also found in hyper-saline lagoons and may enter freshwater (Ref. 5217). Never far from the sea (Ref. 3791). Form sizeable schools (Ref. 3791). Appear to undergo trophic migrations along the coasts (Ref. 35237). Feed on organic detritus and filamentous algae (Ref. 9626). Oviparous, eggs are pelagic and non-adhesive (Ref. 205). Spawn several million eggs (Ref. 35237) at sea (Ref. 3791). Also caught with beach nets (Ref. 5217). Marketed fresh and salted (Ref. 5217). The roe is marketed salt-pickled and dried and considered a delicacy (Ref. 5217).
棲息於海洋沿岸水域與半鹹淡水河口;(參考文獻 3791) 也發現於高鹽度的潟湖而且可能進入淡水.(參考文獻 5217) 從不遠離海洋。 (參考文獻 3791) 形式可大小的魚群.(參考文獻 3791) 似乎歷經覓食迴游沿著海岸.(參考文獻 35237) 捕食有機的碎屑與菌絲藻。 (參考文獻 9626) 卵生的, 卵是大洋性與非黏性物.(參考文獻 205) 在海上產卵數百萬卵 (參考文獻 35237) 。 (參考文獻 3791) 也用海灘網捕獲。 (參考文獻 5217) 在市場上銷售生鮮地.與鹽醃的.(參考文獻 5217) 魚白被在市場上銷售鹽漬的而且乾製.而且被認為是一個佳餚.(參考文獻 5217)
生命週期和交配行為
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 產卵場 | 卵 | 孕卵數 | 仔魚
西大西洋: 百慕達群島,佛羅里達 (美國) ,巴哈馬, 與在加勒比海到阿根廷各處。
Robins, C.R. and G.C. Ray, 1986. A field guide to Atlantic coast fishes of North America. Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston, U.S.A. 354 p. (Ref. 7251)
IUCN 瀕危狀態 (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-2 (Global))
人類使用
漁業: 商業性; 養殖: 商業性; 游釣魚種: 是的
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特別的報告
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基於模型的估計
系統發育多樣性指數 (參考文獻 82804) |
PD50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high]. |
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Bayesian length-weight
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a=0.01047 (0.00905 - 0.01212), b=2.95 (2.92 - 2.98), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref. 93245). |
營養階層 (參考文獻 69278) |
2.0 ±0.00 se; based on food items. |
回復力 (參考文獻 120179) |
中等的, 族群倍增時間最少 1.4 - 4.4年 (K=0.11-0.3; tmax=10; assuming tm=2-3). |
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Rate of population increase |
Prior r = 0.33, 95% CL = 0.22 - 0.50, Based on 7 data-limited stock assessments. |
釣魚的脆弱性 (Ref. 59153) |
Moderate vulnerability (37 of 100). 🛈 |
氣候脆弱性 (Ref. 125649) |
High vulnerability (57 of 100). 🛈 |
價格種類 (Ref. 80766) |
High.
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營養素 (Ref. 124155) |
Calcium = 152 [57, 453] mg/100g; Iron = 2.51 [0.46, 11.24] mg/100g; Protein = 19.8 [18.3, 21.2] %; Omega3 = 0.464 [0.221, 1.025] g/100g; Selenium = 60.8 [21.7, 208.2] μg/100g; VitaminA = 6.03 [1.72, 21.87] μg/100g; Zinc = 1.73 [0.83, 4.23] mg/100g (wet weight); based on nutrient studies. |