Meio ambiente: milieu / Zona climática / intervalo de profundidade / faixa de distribuição
Ecologia
marinhas; Água doce; estuarina demersal; catádromo (Ref. 46888); intervalo de profundidade 10 - ? m (Ref. 3791). Subtropical; 32°N - 51°S
Western Atlantic: Bermuda, Florida (USA), Bahamas, and throughout the Caribbean Sea to Argentina.
Comprimento de primeira maturação / Tamanho / Peso / Idade
Maturidade: Lm 35.0, range 40 - ? cm
Max length : 80.0 cm TL macho/indeterminado; (Ref. 5217); 69.0 cm TL (female); common length : 40.0 cm TL macho/indeterminado; (Ref. 5217); peso máx. publicado: 9.0 kg (Ref. 5217)
Espinhos dorsais (total) : 5; Raios dorsais (total) : 8; Espinhos anais: 3; Raios anais : 8.
Body shape (shape guide): fusiform / normal.
Inhabit coastal marine waters and brackish estuaries (Ref. 3791); also found in hyper-saline lagoons and may enter freshwater (Ref. 5217). Never far from the sea (Ref. 3791). Form sizeable schools (Ref. 3791). Appear to undergo trophic migrations along the coasts (Ref. 35237). Feed on organic detritus and filamentous algae (Ref. 9626). Oviparous, eggs are pelagic and non-adhesive (Ref. 205). Spawn several million eggs (Ref. 35237) at sea (Ref. 3791). Also caught with beach nets (Ref. 5217). Marketed fresh and salted (Ref. 5217). The roe is marketed salt-pickled and dried and considered a delicacy (Ref. 5217).
Ciclo de vida ou comportamento de acasalamento
Maturidade | Reprodução | Desova | Ovos | Fecundidade | Larvas
Robins, C.R. and G.C. Ray, 1986. A field guide to Atlantic coast fishes of North America. Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston, U.S.A. 354 p. (Ref. 7251)
Status na Lista Vermelha da UICN (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-2 (Global))
Ameaça para os humanos
Harmless
Uso pelos humanos
Pescarias: espécies comerciais; Aquacultura: espécies comerciais; peixe esportivo: sim
Ferramentas
Relatórios especiais
Baixar XML
Fontes da internet
Estimativas baseadas em modelos
Índice de diversidade filogenética (Ref. 82804) |
PD50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high]. |
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Bayesian length-weight
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a=0.01047 (0.00905 - 0.01212), b=2.95 (2.92 - 2.98), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref. 93245). |
Nível Trófico (Ref. 69278) |
2.0 ±0.00 se; based on food items. |
Resiliência (Ref. 120179) |
médio(a), tempo mínimo de duplicação da população 1,4 - 4,4 anos (K=0.11-0.3; tmax=10; assuming tm=2-3). |
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Rate of population increase |
Prior r = 0.33, 95% CL = 0.22 - 0.50, Based on 7 data-limited stock assessments. |
Vulnerabilidade da pesca (Ref. 59153) |
Moderate vulnerability (37 of 100). 🛈 |
Vulnerabilidade climática (Ref. 125649) |
High vulnerability (57 of 100). 🛈 |
Categoria de preço (Ref. 80766) |
High.
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Nutrientes (Ref. 124155) |
Calcium = 152 [57, 453] mg/100g; Iron = 2.51 [0.46, 11.24] mg/100g; Protein = 19.8 [18.3, 21.2] %; Omega3 = 0.464 [0.221, 1.025] g/100g; Selenium = 60.8 [21.7, 208.2] μg/100g; VitaminA = 6.03 [1.72, 21.87] μg/100g; Zinc = 1.73 [0.83, 4.23] mg/100g (wet weight); based on nutrient studies. |