Umwelt: Milieu / Klimazone / Tiefenbereich / Verbreitungsgebiet
Ökologie
seewasser; süßwasser; brackwasser demersal; katadrom (Ref. 46888); tiefenbereich 10 - ? m (Ref. 3791). Subtropical; 32°N - 51°S
Western Atlantic: Bermuda, Florida (USA), Bahamas, and throughout the Caribbean Sea to Argentina.
Länge bei der ersten Reifung / Größe / Gewicht / Alter
Geschlechtsreife: Lm 35.0, range 40 - ? cm
Max length : 80.0 cm TL Männchen/unbestimmt; (Ref. 5217); 69.0 cm TL (female); common length : 40.0 cm TL Männchen/unbestimmt; (Ref. 5217); max. veröff. Gewicht: 9.0 kg (Ref. 5217)
Rückenflossenstacheln (insgesamt) : 5; Rückenflossenweichstrahlen (insgesamt) : 8; Afterflossenstacheln: 3; Afterflossenweichstrahlen: 8.
Body shape (shape guide): fusiform / normal.
Inhabit coastal marine waters and brackish estuaries (Ref. 3791); also found in hyper-saline lagoons and may enter freshwater (Ref. 5217). Never far from the sea (Ref. 3791). Form sizeable schools (Ref. 3791). Appear to undergo trophic migrations along the coasts (Ref. 35237). Feed on organic detritus and filamentous algae (Ref. 9626). Oviparous, eggs are pelagic and non-adhesive (Ref. 205). Spawn several million eggs (Ref. 35237) at sea (Ref. 3791). Also caught with beach nets (Ref. 5217). Marketed fresh and salted (Ref. 5217). The roe is marketed salt-pickled and dried and considered a delicacy (Ref. 5217).
Robins, C.R. and G.C. Ray, 1986. A field guide to Atlantic coast fishes of North America. Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston, U.S.A. 354 p. (Ref. 7251)
IUCN Rote Liste Status (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-2 (Global))
Bedrohung für Menschen
Harmless
Nutzung durch Menschen
Fischereien: kommerziell; Aquakultur: kommerziell; Sportfisch: ja
Tools
Zusatzinformationen
Download XML
Internet Quellen
Schätzungen auf der Grundlage von Modellen
Phylogenetischer Diversitätsindex (Ref. 82804) |
PD50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high]. |
|
Bayesian length-weight
|
a=0.01047 (0.00905 - 0.01212), b=2.95 (2.92 - 2.98), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref. 93245). |
Trophische Ebene (Ref. 69278) |
2.0 ±0.00 se; based on food items. |
Widerstandsfähigkeit (Ref. 120179) |
mittel, Verdopplung der Population dauert 1,4 - 4,4 Jahre. (K=0.11-0.3; tmax=10; assuming tm=2-3). |
|
Rate of population increase |
Prior r = 0.33, 95% CL = 0.22 - 0.50, Based on 7 data-limited stock assessments. |
Anfälligkeit der Fischerei (Ref. 59153) |
Moderate vulnerability (37 of 100). 🛈 |
Klimaanfälligkeit (Ref. 125649) |
High vulnerability (57 of 100). 🛈 |
Preiskategorie (Ref. 80766) |
High.
|
Nährstoffe (Ref. 124155) |
Calcium = 152 [57, 453] mg/100g; Iron = 2.51 [0.46, 11.24] mg/100g; Protein = 19.8 [18.3, 21.2] %; Omega3 = 0.464 [0.221, 1.025] g/100g; Selenium = 60.8 [21.7, 208.2] μg/100g; VitaminA = 6.03 [1.72, 21.87] μg/100g; Zinc = 1.73 [0.83, 4.23] mg/100g (wet weight); based on nutrient studies. |