Environnement : milieu / zone climatique / profondeur / gamme de distribution
Écologie
marin démersal; océanodrome (Ref. 51243); profondeur 5 - 409 m (Ref. 56504). Subtropical; 62°N - 14°N, 19°W - 42°E
Eastern Atlantic: Western Norway, English Channel (rare in North Sea) to Dakar, Senegal and the Canary Islands, including the Mediterranean and the Black Sea.
Longueur à la première maturité / Taille / Poids / Âge
Maturité: Lm 16.1, range 15 - 26 cm
Max length : 40.0 cm SL mâle / non sexé; (Ref. 3397); common length : 25.0 cm SL mâle / non sexé; (Ref. 4845); poids max. publié: 1.0 kg (Ref. 35388); âge max. reporté: 11 années (Ref. 92286)
Head is less steep. Barbels longer than pectoral fin. Body with longitudinal red and brown stripes. First dorsal fin with dark markings (Ref. 35388).
Body shape (shape guide): fusiform / normal.
Adults occur on broken and rough grounds but also found over sand and soft bottoms at depths less than 100 m. Depth range from 5-60 m (Ref. 07313) and from 305-409 m in the eastern Ionian Sea (Ref. 56504). Feed on benthic organisms such as shrimps and amphipods, polychaetes, mollusks, and benthic fishes. Spawning occurs from May to July, eggs and larvae are pelagic (Ref. 4845). Marketed fresh and frozen for steaming, pan-frying, broiling and baking (Ref. 9988).
A determinate spawner (Ref. 41706).
Ben-Tuvia, A., 1990. Mullidae. p. 827-829. In J.C. Quero, J.C. Hureau, C. Karrer, A. Post and L. Saldanha (eds.) Check-list of the fishes of the eastern tropical Atlantic (CLOFETA). JNICT, Lisbon; SEI, Paris; and UNESCO, Paris. Vol. 2. (Ref. 7313)
Statut dans la liste rouge de l'IUCN (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-2 (Global))
Menace pour l'homme
Harmless
Utilisations par l'homme
Pêcheries: commercial; pêche sportive: oui
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Estimations basées sur des modèles
Indice de diversité phylogénétique (Réf. 82804) |
PD50 = 0.5312 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high]. |
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Bayesian length-weight
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a=0.00912 (0.00837 - 0.00994), b=3.11 (3.08 - 3.14), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref. 93245). |
Niveau trophique (Réf. 69278) |
3.5 ±0.3 se; based on diet studies. |
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Generation time |
3.8 (2.2 - 4.2) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 25 growth studies. |
Résilience (Réf. 120179) |
Faible, temps minimum de doublement de population : 4,5 à 14 années (K=0.1-0.7; tm=2; tmax=11). |
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Rate of population increase |
Prior r = 0.87, 95% CL = 0.58 - 1.31, Based on 9 full stock assessments. |
Vulnérabilité de la pêche (Ref. 59153) |
Moderate vulnerability (42 of 100). 🛈 |
Vulnérabilité climatique (Ref. 125649) |
Low vulnerability (19 of 100). 🛈 |
Catégorie de prix (Ref. 80766) |
Very high.
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Nutriments (Ref. 124155) |
Calcium = 70.8 [39.2, 146.0] mg/100g; Iron = 0.438 [0.173, 1.644] mg/100g; Protein = 19.1 [18.2, 20.0] %; Omega3 = 0.824 [0.529, 1.298] g/100g; Selenium = 23.7 [10.9, 50.9] μg/100g; VitaminA = 15.1 [5.3, 54.5] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.228 [0.152, 0.506] mg/100g (wet weight); based on nutrient studies. |