Miljö: miljö / Klimatzon / djupintervall / distributionsområde
Ekologi
marina bottenlevande; havsvandrande (Ref. 51243); djupintervall 5 - 409 m (Ref. 56504). Subtropical; 62°N - 14°N, 19°W - 42°E
Eastern Atlantic: Western Norway, English Channel (rare in North Sea) to Dakar, Senegal and the Canary Islands, including the Mediterranean and the Black Sea.
Längd vid första mognad / Storlek / Vikt / Ålder
Könsmognad: Lm 16.1, range 15 - 26 cm
Max length : 40.0 cm SL hane/ej könsbestämd; (Ref. 3397); common length : 25.0 cm SL hane/ej könsbestämd; (Ref. 4845); publicerad maxvikt: 1.0 kg (Ref. 35388); rapporterad maxålder: 11 år (Ref. 92286)
Head is less steep. Barbels longer than pectoral fin. Body with longitudinal red and brown stripes. First dorsal fin with dark markings (Ref. 35388).
Body shape (shape guide): fusiform / normal.
Adults occur on broken and rough grounds but also found over sand and soft bottoms at depths less than 100 m. Depth range from 5-60 m (Ref. 07313) and from 305-409 m in the eastern Ionian Sea (Ref. 56504). Feed on benthic organisms such as shrimps and amphipods, polychaetes, mollusks, and benthic fishes. Spawning occurs from May to July, eggs and larvae are pelagic (Ref. 4845). Marketed fresh and frozen for steaming, pan-frying, broiling and baking (Ref. 9988).
A determinate spawner (Ref. 41706).
Ben-Tuvia, A., 1990. Mullidae. p. 827-829. In J.C. Quero, J.C. Hureau, C. Karrer, A. Post and L. Saldanha (eds.) Check-list of the fishes of the eastern tropical Atlantic (CLOFETA). JNICT, Lisbon; SEI, Paris; and UNESCO, Paris. Vol. 2. (Ref. 7313)
Status på IUCN:s rödlista (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-2 (Global))
Hot mot människor
Harmless
Mänskliga användningsområden
Fiskeri: kommersiell; sportfisk: ja
Verktyg
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Uppskattningar baserade på modeller
Index för fylogenetisk mångfald (Ref. 82804) |
PD50 = 0.5312 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high]. |
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Bayesian length-weight
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a=0.00912 (0.00837 - 0.00994), b=3.11 (3.08 - 3.14), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref. 93245). |
Trofisk nivå (Ref. 69278) |
3.5 ±0.3 se; based on diet studies. |
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Generation time |
3.8 (2.2 - 4.2) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 25 growth studies. |
Resiliens (Ref. 120179) |
Låg, lägsta populationsfördubblingstid 4,5-14 år (K=0.1-0.7; tm=2; tmax=11). |
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Rate of population increase |
Prior r = 0.87, 95% CL = 0.58 - 1.31, Based on 9 full stock assessments. |
Sårbarhet i fisket (Ref. 59153) |
Moderate vulnerability (42 of 100). 🛈 |
Sårbarhet för klimatet (Ref. 125649) |
Low vulnerability (19 of 100). 🛈 |
Priskategori (Ref. 80766) |
Very high.
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Näringsämnen (Ref. 124155) |
Calcium = 70.8 [39.2, 146.0] mg/100g; Iron = 0.438 [0.173, 1.644] mg/100g; Protein = 19.1 [18.2, 20.0] %; Omega3 = 0.824 [0.529, 1.298] g/100g; Selenium = 23.7 [10.9, 50.9] μg/100g; VitaminA = 15.1 [5.3, 54.5] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.228 [0.152, 0.506] mg/100g (wet weight); based on nutrient studies. |