ສະພາບແວດລ້ອມ: ສະພາບແວດລ້ອມ / ເຂດດິນຟ້າອາກາດ / ລະດັບຄວາມເລິກ / ຂອບເຂດການແຈກຢາຍ
ນິເວດວິທະຍາ
ສັດທະເລ ອາໄສຢູ່ໃກ້ໜ້າດິນໃຕ້ພື້ນທ້ອງນ້ຳ; ປາທີ່ມີການເຄື່ອນຍ້າຍໃນສະເພາະມາະຫາສະມຸດ (Ref. 51243); ລະດັບຄວາມເລິກ 5 - 409 m (Ref. 56504). Subtropical; 62°N - 14°N, 19°W - 42°E
Eastern Atlantic: Western Norway, English Channel (rare in North Sea) to Dakar, Senegal and the Canary Islands, including the Mediterranean and the Black Sea.
ຄວາມຍາວໃນການເຕີບໂຕເຕັມຄັ້ງທໍາອິດ / ຂະໜາດ / ນ້ຳໜັກ / ອາຍຸ
ການຈະເລີນເຕັມໄວ: Lm 16.1, range 15 - 26 cm
Max length : 40.0 cm SL ຕົວຜູ້/ບໍ່ມີເພດ; (Ref. 3397); common length : 25.0 cm SL ຕົວຜູ້/ບໍ່ມີເພດ; (Ref. 4845); ນ້ຳໜັກສູງສຸດທີ່ເຄຍຈັດພີມມາ: 1.0 kg (Ref. 35388); ອາຍຸສູງສຸດທີ່ເຄຍລາຍງານມາ: 11 ປີ (Ref. 92286)
Head is less steep. Barbels longer than pectoral fin. Body with longitudinal red and brown stripes. First dorsal fin with dark markings (Ref. 35388).
Body shape (shape guide): fusiform / normal.
Adults occur on broken and rough grounds but also found over sand and soft bottoms at depths less than 100 m. Depth range from 5-60 m (Ref. 07313) and from 305-409 m in the eastern Ionian Sea (Ref. 56504). Feed on benthic organisms such as shrimps and amphipods, polychaetes, mollusks, and benthic fishes. Spawning occurs from May to July, eggs and larvae are pelagic (Ref. 4845). Marketed fresh and frozen for steaming, pan-frying, broiling and baking (Ref. 9988).
A determinate spawner (Ref. 41706).
Ben-Tuvia, A., 1990. Mullidae. p. 827-829. In J.C. Quero, J.C. Hureau, C. Karrer, A. Post and L. Saldanha (eds.) Check-list of the fishes of the eastern tropical Atlantic (CLOFETA). JNICT, Lisbon; SEI, Paris; and UNESCO, Paris. Vol. 2. (Ref. 7313)
ສະຖານະພາບບັນຊີແດງຂອງ IUCN (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-2 (Global))
ໄພຂົ່ມຂູ່ຕໍ່ມະນຸດ
Harmless
ການນໍາໃຊ້ຂອງມະນຸດ
ການປະມົງ: ເປັນສີນຄ້າ; ຊະນິດປາທີ່ຖືກນຳໃຊ້ເຂົ້າໃນການຫາເພື່ອເປັນເກມກິລາ: ແມ່ນ
ເຄື່ອງມື
ບົດລາຍງານພິເສດ
ດາວໂຫລດ XML
ແຫຼ່ງອີນເຕີເນັດ
ການຄາດຄະເນໂດຍອີງໃສ່ແບບຈໍາລອງ
ດັດຊະນີຄວາມຫຼາກຫຼາຍທາງຊີວະພາບ (ເອກະສານອ້າງອີງ 82804) |
PD50 = 0.5312 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high]. |
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Bayesian length-weight
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a=0.00912 (0.00837 - 0.00994), b=3.11 (3.08 - 3.14), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref. 93245). |
ຊັ້ນເຂດຮ້ອນ (ເອກະສານອ້າງອີງ 69278) |
3.5 ±0.3 se; based on diet studies. |
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Generation time |
3.8 (2.2 - 4.2) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 25 growth studies. |
ຄວາມຢືດຢຸ່ນ (ເອກະສານອ້າງອີງ 120179) |
ຕຳ່, ປະຊາກອນຕຳ່ສຸດທີ່ໃຊ້ເວລາສອງເທົ່າ 4.5 - 14 ປີ (K=0.1-0.7; tm=2; tmax=11). |
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Rate of population increase |
Prior r = 0.87, 95% CL = 0.58 - 1.31, Based on 9 full stock assessments. |
ຄວາມສ່ຽງຕໍ່ການຫາປາ (Ref. 59153) |
Moderate vulnerability (42 of 100). 🛈 |
ຄວາມສ່ຽງດ້ານສະພາບອາກາດ (Ref. 125649) |
Low vulnerability (19 of 100). 🛈 |
ປະເພດລາຄາ (Ref. 80766) |
Very high.
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ທາດອາຫານ (Ref. 124155) |
Calcium = 70.8 [39.2, 146.0] mg/100g; Iron = 0.438 [0.173, 1.644] mg/100g; Protein = 19.1 [18.2, 20.0] %; Omega3 = 0.824 [0.529, 1.298] g/100g; Selenium = 23.7 [10.9, 50.9] μg/100g; VitaminA = 15.1 [5.3, 54.5] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.228 [0.152, 0.506] mg/100g (wet weight); based on nutrient studies. |