مشاهدات خود را اضافه کنيد در Fish Watcher
| Native range | All suitable habitat | Point map | Year 2050 |
|
| This map was computer-generated and has not yet been reviewed. |
| Sprattus sprattus AquaMaps Data sources: GBIF OBIS |
را بارگذاری کني تصاوير و فيلم ها
عکس ها | تصوير گوگل
Sprattus sprattus
عکس از Svensen, R.
عکس ها | تصوير گوگل
عکس از Svensen, R.
رده بندی / نامها اسامي عام | مترادف | Catalog of Fishes(جنس, گونه ها) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
> Clupeiformes (Herrings) > Clupeidae (Herrings, shads, sardines, menhadens)
Etymology: Sprattus: Old German, sprotte (1611) = a small fish, Clupea sp. (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Linnaeus.
Etymology: Sprattus: Old German, sprotte (1611) = a small fish, Clupea sp. (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Linnaeus.
Taxonomic Remarks
The subspecies were not characterized well enough, that unless there is more evidence presented in the future, Sprattus sprattus should be considered as one species with several known populations (S.Kullander, pers.comm. 07/09).
محیط زیست: محیط زیست / منطقه آب و هوایی / تغييرات عمق / محدوده توزیع بوم شناسي
دريايي; لب شور pelagic-neritic; اقیانوس رو (Ref. 51243); تغييرات عمق 10 - 150 m (Ref. 6302). Temperate; 69°N - 30°N, 11°W - 42°E
پراكنش سرزمینها | مناطق سازمان خوار و بار جهاني (FAO) | اکوسیستمها | ظهور | نقشه نقطه ای | معرفي | Faunafri
Northeast Atlantic: North Sea and adjacent waters as far north as the Lofoten Area and the west of the British Isles, and Baltic Sea south to Morocco; also in northern Mediterranean (Gulf of Lion and the Adriatic Sea) and Black Sea.
طول در اولین بلوغ / اندازه / وزن / سن
بلوغ: Lm 10.1, range 8 - 12 cm
Max length : 25.1 cm SL جنس نر / بدون خواص جنسي; (Ref. 137577); common length : 12.0 cm SL جنس نر / بدون خواص جنسي; (Ref. 188); بيشينه سن گزارش شده: 6 سال ها (Ref. 3561)
Max length : 25.1 cm SL جنس نر / بدون خواص جنسي; (Ref. 137577); common length : 12.0 cm SL جنس نر / بدون خواص جنسي; (Ref. 188); بيشينه سن گزارش شده: 6 سال ها (Ref. 3561)
توصيف مختصر كليدهاي شناسايي | ريخت شناسي | ريخت ستجي بوسيله انداره گيري
خارهاي باله پشتي (کل) : 0; شعاع نرم باله پشتي (کل) : 13 - 21; خارهاي باله مخرجي: 0; شعاع نرم باله مخرجي: 12 - 23. Lower jaw slightly projecting, gill cover without any bony radiating striae, teeth rarely present on vomer; belly with a strong keel of scutes; last two anal fin rays not enlarged. No dark spots on flanks. Pterotic bulla absent.
Body shape (shape guide): fusiform / normal; Cross section: compressed.
Body shape (shape guide): fusiform / normal; Cross section: compressed.
Usually inshore schooling, sometimes entering estuaries (especially the juveniles) and tolerating salinities as low as 4 ppt. Shows strong migrations between winter feeding and summer spawning grounds. Moves to the surface at night. Feeds on planktonic crustaceans (Ref. 9900). Spawns at depths of 10-20 m producing 6,000-14,000 pelagic eggs (Ref. 35388). Some spawn almost throughout the year, mainly in spring and summer, near the coast or up to 100 km out to sea, the young drifting inshore. Sold as 'brislings' to canneries. Sprat are used in the production of fish meal and as mink food, less for human consumption (Ref. 9900). Utilized fresh, smoked, canned and frozen; can be pan-fried and broiled (Ref. 9988).
چرخه زندگی و رفتار جفتگیری بلوغ | تولید مثل | تخم ریزی | تخم ها | باروری | توزاد ( لارو)
Some spawn almost year round but mainly in spring and summer, near to the coast or up to 100 km out to sea, the young drifting inshore. Individual period of spawning takes about two months (Ref. 92054).
مآخذ اصلی
مراجع خود را بارگذاری کنید | مراجع | هماهنگ كننده | همكاران
Whitehead, P.J.P., 1985. FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 7. Clupeoid fishes of the world (suborder Clupeoidei). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the herrings, sardines, pilchards, sprats, shads, anchovies and wolf-herrings. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(7/1):1-303. Rome: FAO. (Ref. 188)
وضعيت در فهرست قرمز IUCN (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-2 (Global))
حداقل نگرانی (LC) ; Date assessed: 18 July 2018
CITES
Not Evaluated
خطر برای انسان ها
Reports of ciguatera poisoning (Ref. 30911)
استفاده انسانی
ماهي گيري – شيلات: با ارزش تجاري بالا; طعمه: usually
FAO - ماهي گيري – شيلات: نمايه گونه, landings search; Publication: search | FIRMS - Stock assessments | FishSource | دریای اطراف ما
اطلاعات بيشتر
ابزارها
آزمون زیستشناسی | کتاب الکترونیکی | راهنماي صحرايي | كليدهاي شناسايي | امكان نرم افزاري بسامد طولي | ابزار تاريخ زيستي | نقشه نقطه ای |
گرفتن-MSY |
گزارش های ويژه
راجع به نگهداری آکواريم ملاحظه کنيد | برگه اطلاعات و مشخصات گونه ها را ملاحظه کنيد | برگه اطلاعات و مشخصات آبزی پروری را ببينيد
بارگيری XML
منابع اينترنتي
AFORO (otoliths) | Alien/Invasive Species database | Aquatic Commons | BHL | Cloffa | Websites from users | فيش واچر را ببينيد | CISTI | Catalog of Fishes: جنس, گونه ها | DiscoverLife | ECOTOX | FAO - ماهي گيري – شيلات: نمايه گونه, landings search; Publication: search | Faunafri | Fishipedia | Fishtrace | GloBI | Google Books | Google Scholar | Google | IGFA World Record | پايگاه هاي داده ها | OneZoom | Open Tree of Life | Otolith Atlas of Taiwan Fishes | PubMed | Reef Life Survey | Socotra Atlas | TreeBase | Tree of Life | Wikipedia: برو, جستجو | World Records Freshwater Fishing | سوابق جانورشناسی
تخمینها بر اساس مدلها
|
شاخص تنوع فیلوژنتیکی (مرجع 82804) |
PD50 = 0.5313 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high]. |
| Bayesian length-weight | a=0.00550 (0.00470 - 0.00643), b=3.10 (3.05 - 3.15), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref. 93245). |
|
سطح تروفیک (مرجع 69278) |
3.0 ±0.07 se; based on food items. |
| Generation time | 2.2 (1.7 - 2.7) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 24 growth studies. |
|
جهندگی (مرجع 120179) |
متوسط, كمينه زمان لازم براي دو برابر شدن جمعيت 4/1 – 4/4 سال (rm=1.7; K=0.14-0.77; tm=1-2; tmax=6; Fec=2,000 (batch fec)). |
| Rate of population increase | Prior r = 0.48, 95% CL = 0.32 - 0.72, Based on 17 full stock assessments. |
|
آسیبپذیری ماهیگیری (Ref. 59153) |
Low to moderate vulnerability (34 of 100). 🛈 |
|
آسیبپذیری اقلیمی (Ref. 125649) |
Low vulnerability (15 of 100). 🛈 |
|
طبقه قيمت (Ref. 80766) |
Low. |
|
مواد مغذی (Ref. 124155) |
Calcium = 69.8 [34.7, 136.5] mg/100g; Iron = 0.454 [0.171, 1.290] mg/100g; Protein = 19.9 [17.2, 22.6] %; Omega3 = 0.601 [0.328, 1.136] g/100g; Selenium = 8.55 [3.88, 18.40] μg/100g; VitaminA = 66.3 [13.8, 248.5] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.429 [0.200, 1.835] mg/100g (wet weight); based on nutrient studies. |