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| Native range | All suitable habitat | Point map | Year 2050 |
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| This map was computer-generated and has not yet been reviewed. |
| Sprattus sprattus AquaMaps Data sources: GBIF OBIS |
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Sprattus sprattus
Photo von Svensen, R.
Bilder | Google Bild
Photo von Svensen, R.
Klassifizierung / Names Namen | Synonyme | Catalog of Fishes(Gattung, Arten) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
> Clupeiformes (Herrings) > Clupeidae (Herrings, shads, sardines, menhadens)
Etymology: Sprattus: Old German, sprotte (1611) = a small fish, Clupea sp. (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Linnaeus.
Etymology: Sprattus: Old German, sprotte (1611) = a small fish, Clupea sp. (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Linnaeus.
Taxonomic Remarks
The subspecies were not characterized well enough, that unless there is more evidence presented in the future, Sprattus sprattus should be considered as one species with several known populations (S.Kullander, pers.comm. 07/09).
Umwelt: Milieu / Klimazone / Tiefenbereich / Verbreitungsgebiet Ökologie
seewasser; brackwasser pelagic-neritic; ozeanodrom (Ref. 51243); tiefenbereich 10 - 150 m (Ref. 6302). Temperate; 69°N - 30°N, 11°W - 42°E
Verbreitung Territorien | FAO Gebiete | Ökosysteme | Vorkommen | Punkt Karte | Einführungen | Faunafri
Northeast Atlantic: North Sea and adjacent waters as far north as the Lofoten Area and the west of the British Isles, and Baltic Sea south to Morocco; also in northern Mediterranean (Gulf of Lion and the Adriatic Sea) and Black Sea.
Länge bei der ersten Reifung / Größe / Gewicht / Alter
Geschlechtsreife: Lm 10.1, range 8 - 12 cm
Max length : 25.1 cm SL Männchen/unbestimmt; (Ref. 137577); common length : 12.0 cm SL Männchen/unbestimmt; (Ref. 188); max. veröff. Alter: 6 Jahre (Ref. 3561)
Max length : 25.1 cm SL Männchen/unbestimmt; (Ref. 137577); common length : 12.0 cm SL Männchen/unbestimmt; (Ref. 188); max. veröff. Alter: 6 Jahre (Ref. 3561)
Kurzbeschreibung Bestimmungsschlüssel | Morphologie | Morphometrie
Rückenflossenstacheln (insgesamt) : 0; Rückenflossenweichstrahlen (insgesamt) : 13 - 21; Afterflossenstacheln: 0; Afterflossenweichstrahlen: 12 - 23. Lower jaw slightly projecting, gill cover without any bony radiating striae, teeth rarely present on vomer; belly with a strong keel of scutes; last two anal fin rays not enlarged. No dark spots on flanks. Pterotic bulla absent.
Body shape (shape guide): fusiform / normal; Cross section: compressed.
Body shape (shape guide): fusiform / normal; Cross section: compressed.
Usually inshore schooling, sometimes entering estuaries (especially the juveniles) and tolerating salinities as low as 4 ppt. Shows strong migrations between winter feeding and summer spawning grounds. Moves to the surface at night. Feeds on planktonic crustaceans (Ref. 9900). Spawns at depths of 10-20 m producing 6,000-14,000 pelagic eggs (Ref. 35388). Some spawn almost throughout the year, mainly in spring and summer, near the coast or up to 100 km out to sea, the young drifting inshore. Sold as 'brislings' to canneries. Sprat are used in the production of fish meal and as mink food, less for human consumption (Ref. 9900). Utilized fresh, smoked, canned and frozen; can be pan-fried and broiled (Ref. 9988).
Lebenszyklus und Paarungsverhalten Geschlechtsreife | Fortpflanzung | Ablaichen | Eier | Fruchtbarkeit | Larven
Some spawn almost year round but mainly in spring and summer, near to the coast or up to 100 km out to sea, the young drifting inshore. Individual period of spawning takes about two months (Ref. 92054).
Hauptreferenz
Laden Sie Ihre Referenzen hoch | Referenzen | Koordinator | Partner
Whitehead, P.J.P., 1985. FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 7. Clupeoid fishes of the world (suborder Clupeoidei). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the herrings, sardines, pilchards, sprats, shads, anchovies and wolf-herrings. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(7/1):1-303. Rome: FAO. (Ref. 188)
IUCN Rote Liste Status (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-2 (Global))
nicht bedroht (LC) ; Date assessed: 18 July 2018
CITES
Not Evaluated
Bedrohung für Menschen
Reports of ciguatera poisoning (Ref. 30911)
Nutzung durch Menschen
Fischereien: hoch kommerziell; Köder: usually
FAO - Fischereien: Artbeschreibung, landings search; Publication: search | FIRMS - Stock assessments | FishSource | Das Meer um uns herum
Mehr Information
Trophische Ökologie
Lebensmittel (Beutetiere)
Nahrungszusammensetzung
Nahrungsaufnahme
Lebensmittelrationen
Räuber
Lebensmittel (Beutetiere)
Nahrungszusammensetzung
Nahrungsaufnahme
Lebensmittelrationen
Räuber
Lebenszyklus
Fortpflanzung
Geschlechtsreife
Reifung/Kiemen rel.
Fruchtbarkeit
Ablaichen
Laichaggregationen
Eier
Eientwicklung
Larven
Larven Pop.Dyn.
Fortpflanzung
Geschlechtsreife
Reifung/Kiemen rel.
Fruchtbarkeit
Ablaichen
Laichaggregationen
Eier
Eientwicklung
Larven
Larven Pop.Dyn.
Physiologie
Körperliche Zusammensetzung
Nährstoffe
Sauerstoffverbrauch
Schwimmart
Schwimmgeschwindigkeit
Visuelle Pigmente
Fischgeräusche
Krankheiten und Parasiten
Toxizität (LC50s)
Körperliche Zusammensetzung
Nährstoffe
Sauerstoffverbrauch
Schwimmart
Schwimmgeschwindigkeit
Visuelle Pigmente
Fischgeräusche
Krankheiten und Parasiten
Toxizität (LC50s)
Menschenbezogen
Aquakultur-Systeme
Aquakultur Profile
Zuchtlinien
Ciguatera-Fälle
Briefmarken, Münzen, Verschiedenes.
Aquakultur-Systeme
Aquakultur Profile
Zuchtlinien
Ciguatera-Fälle
Briefmarken, Münzen, Verschiedenes.
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Zusammenfassung | Punktdaten | Namen | Photos
Internet Quellen
AFORO (otoliths) | Alien/Invasive Species database | Aquatic Commons | BHL | Cloffa | Websites from users | FishWatcher Einträge suchen | CISTI | Catalog of Fishes: Gattung, Arten | DiscoverLife | ECOTOX | FAO - Fischereien: Artbeschreibung, landings search; Publication: search | Faunafri | Fishipedia | Fishtrace | GloBI | Google Books | Google Scholar | Google | IGFA World Record | Nationale Datenbanken | OneZoom | Open Tree of Life | Otolith Atlas of Taiwan Fishes | PubMed | Reef Life Survey | Socotra Atlas | TreeBase | Tree of Life | Wikipedia: Gehe zu, Suchen | World Records Freshwater Fishing | Zoologischer Rekord
Schätzungen auf der Grundlage von Modellen
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Phylogenetischer Diversitätsindex (Ref. 82804) |
PD50 = 0.5313 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high]. |
| Bayesian length-weight | a=0.00550 (0.00470 - 0.00643), b=3.10 (3.05 - 3.15), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref. 93245). |
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Trophische Ebene (Ref. 69278) |
3.0 ±0.07 se; based on food items. |
| Generation time | 2.2 (1.7 - 2.7) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 24 growth studies. |
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Widerstandsfähigkeit (Ref. 120179) |
mittel, Verdopplung der Population dauert 1,4 - 4,4 Jahre. (rm=1.7; K=0.14-0.77; tm=1-2; tmax=6; Fec=2,000 (batch fec)). |
| Rate of population increase | Prior r = 0.48, 95% CL = 0.32 - 0.72, Based on 17 full stock assessments. |
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Anfälligkeit der Fischerei (Ref. 59153) |
Low to moderate vulnerability (34 of 100). 🛈 |
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Klimaanfälligkeit (Ref. 125649) |
Low vulnerability (15 of 100). 🛈 |
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Preiskategorie (Ref. 80766) |
Low. |
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Nährstoffe (Ref. 124155) |
Calcium = 69.8 [34.7, 136.5] mg/100g; Iron = 0.454 [0.171, 1.290] mg/100g; Protein = 19.9 [17.2, 22.6] %; Omega3 = 0.601 [0.328, 1.136] g/100g; Selenium = 8.55 [3.88, 18.40] μg/100g; VitaminA = 66.3 [13.8, 248.5] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.429 [0.200, 1.835] mg/100g (wet weight); based on nutrient studies. |