Scophthalmus maximus, Turbot : fisheries, aquaculture, gamefish, aquarium

Scophthalmus maximus (Linnaeus, 1758)

Turbot
添加你自己的观测位置在 Fish Watcher
Native range | All suitable habitat | Point map | Year 2050
This map was computer-generated and has not yet been reviewed.
Scophthalmus maximus   AquaMaps   Data sources: GBIF OBIS
上传你的 图片 和 影像
照片 | 影像 | 邮票、硬币、杂项 | 谷歌图片
Image of Scophthalmus maximus (Turbot)
Scophthalmus maximus
图片提供人 Quantz, G.

分类 / 名称 俗名 | 同种异名 | Catalog of Fishes(, ) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa

Teleostei > Pleuronectiformes (Flatfishes) > Scophthalmidae (Turbots)
Etymology: Scophthalmus: Greek, skopelos = a lantern fish + Greek, ophthalmos = eyes (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Linnaeus.

环境:氛围 / 气候带 / 深度上下限 / 分布范围 生态学

海洋; 半咸淡水 居于水底的; 海洋洄游的 (Ref. 51243); 深度上下限 20 - 70 m (Ref. 6302). 溫帶; 70°N - 30°N, 25°W - 42°E

分布 领土 | FAO区域 | 生态系 | 标本纪录 | 分布图 | 简介 | Faunafri

Northeast Atlantic: throughout the Mediterranean and along the European coasts to Arctic Circle; also found in most of the Baltic Sea. Subspecies Psetta maxima maeotica in the Black Sea.
東北大西洋: 在地中海各處而且沿著歐洲的岸邊到北極圈圓圈; 也發現於大部分的波羅海。 在黑海的亞種 瘤棘鮃〔Psetta maxima〕 maeotica

首次成熟时的长度 / 大小 / 重量 / 年龄

成熟度: Lm 40.8, range 41 - 54 cm
Max length : 100.0 cm SL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 4703); common length : 50.0 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 35388); common length :70 cm TL (female); 最大体重: 25.0 kg (Ref. 9988); 最大年龄: 25 年 (Ref. 32766)

简单描述 检索表 | 型态特徵 | 形态测量图

Body almost circular. Eye side without scales but with large bony tubercles (Ref. 35388).
Body shape (shape guide): short and / or deep; Cross section: flattened.
身体几乎圆形。 眼侧边没有鳞片但是有大的多骨小瘤.(参考文献 35388)

生物学特性     字汇 (例如 epibenthic)

Adults live on sandy, rocky or mixed bottoms; rather common in brackish waters. Feed mainly on other bottom-living fishes (sand-eels, gobies, etc.), and also, to a lesser extent, on larger crustaceans and bivalves. Batch spawner (Ref. 51846). Spawning season is between April and August; pelagic eggs. May reach 25 kg (Ref. 9988). Highly esteemed food fish. Utilized fresh or frozen; eaten steamed, pan-fried, broiled, boiled, microwaved and baked (Ref. 9988).

生活在沙的,岩石的或混合的底部; 相当常见于半咸淡水域。 主要吃其他的底栖鱼 (沙子-鳗鱼,鰕虎鱼, 等等。), 以及, 对较少的范围, 在较大的甲壳动物与二枚贝上。 产卵季节在四月与八月之间; 大洋性的卵。 可以达到 25 公斤。 (参考文献 9988) 深受喜爱的食用鱼。 生鲜使用或冷冻; 清蒸, 油锅炸的,火烤的, 煮沸了, 微波了而且烧烤了.(参考文献 9988)

生命周期和交配行为 成熟度 | 繁殖 | 产卵场 | | 孕卵数 | 仔鱼

Spawning usually happens between the months of February and April in the Mediterranean and from May to July in the Atlantic. Sequenced spawning every 2-4 days. Eggs have a single fat drop. Larvae are initially symmetric but, at the end of the metamorphosis (day 40-50, 25 mm), the right eye moves to the left side, losing its initial bilateral symmetry. Egg size 0.9 - 1.2 mm, larval length at hatching 2.7-3.1 mm.東北大西洋: 在地中海各處而且沿著歐洲的岸邊到北極圈圓圈; 也發現於大部分的波羅海。 在黑海的亞種 瘤棘鮃〔Psetta maxima〕 maeotica

主要参考文献 上传您的参考资料 | 参考文献 | 合作者 | 合作者

Bauchot, M.-L., 1987. Poissons osseux. p. 891-1421. In W. Fischer, M.L. Bauchot and M. Schneider (eds.) Fiches FAO d'identification pour les besoins de la pêche. (rev. 1). Méditerranée et mer Noire. Zone de pêche 37. Vol. II. Commission des Communautés Européennes and FAO, Rome. (Ref. 3397)

世界自然保护联盟红皮书 (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-2 (Global))

  最不相关 (LC) ; Date assessed: 07 December 2020

CITES

Not Evaluated

CMS (Ref. 116361)

Not Evaluated

对人类的威胁

  无害处的





人类利用

渔业: 商业性; 养殖: 商业性; 游钓鱼种: 是的; 水族馆: 公众的水族馆
FAO - 水产养殖系统: 物种外形, production search; 渔业: landings search; Publication: search | FIRMS - Stock assessments | FishSource | 周边海洋

更多信息

解剖学
鳃区
大脑
耳石
生理学
身体成分
营养素
耗氧量
游泳类型
游泳速度
视觉色素
鱼声
疾病与寄生虫
毒性(半数致死浓度)
与人类有关
水产养殖系统
水产养殖描述
品种
雪卡毒病例
邮票、硬币、杂项
外联
合作者
参考文献
参考文献

工具

特别资料

下载 XML

网络资源

AFORO (otoliths) | Alien/Invasive Species database | Aquatic Commons | BHL | Cloffa | Websites from users | 核实 FishWatcher | CISTI | Catalog of Fishes: , | DiscoverLife | DORIS | ECOTOX | FAO - 水产养殖系统: 物种外形, production search; 渔业: landings search; Publication: search | Faunafri | Fishipedia | Fishtrace | GloBI | Google Books | Google Scholar | Google | IGFA World Record | 国家资料库 | OneZoom | Open Tree of Life | Otolith Atlas of Taiwan Fishes | 公众的水族馆 | PubMed | Reef Life Survey | Socotra Atlas | TreeBase | 树状分类阶层 | Wikipedia: 转至, 搜寻 | World Records Freshwater Fishing | 动物学的记录

基于模型的估算

系统发育多样性指数
(参考文献 82804)
PD50 = 0.5645 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight a=0.01122 (0.00921 - 0.01367), b=3.06 (3.00 - 3.12), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref. 93245).
营养阶层
(参考文献 69278)
4.4   ±0.0 se; based on diet studies.
Generation time 4.8 (3.8 - 5.8) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 24 growth studies.
回复力
(参考文献 120179)
中等的, 族群倍增时间最少 1.4 - 4.4年 (K=0.15-0.28; tm=3-5; tmax=26; Fec=5 million).
Rate of population increase Prior r = 0.50, 95% CL = 0.33 - 0.75, Based on 9 full stock assessments.
渔业脆弱性
(Ref. 59153)
High vulnerability (60 of 100). 🛈
气候脆弱性
(Ref. 125649)
High vulnerability (65 of 100). 🛈
价格分类
(Ref. 80766)
Very high.
营养素
(Ref. 124155)
Calcium = 28.5 [12.1, 48.8] mg/100g; Iron = 0.144 [0.058, 0.649] mg/100g; Protein = 19.5 [18.0, 21.0] %; Omega3 = 0.275 [0.153, 0.500] g/100g; Selenium = 14.1 [6.4, 33.9] μg/100g; VitaminA = 8.19 [2.10, 35.13] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.156 [0.092, 0.524] mg/100g (wet weight); based on nutrient studies.