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| Native range | All suitable habitat | Point map | Year 2050 |
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| This map was computer-generated and has not yet been reviewed. |
| Raja clavata AquaMaps Data sources: GBIF OBIS |
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Raja clavata
Photo de Stergiou, K.I.
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Photo de Stergiou, K.I.
Classification / Noms Noms communs | Synonymes | Catalog of Fishes(Genre, Espèce) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Élasmobranches (requins et raies) (sharks and rays) > Rajiformes (Skates and rays) > Rajidae (Skates)
Etymology: Raja: Latin, raja, -ae = a sting ray (Raja sp.) (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Linnaeus.
Etymology: Raja: Latin, raja, -ae = a sting ray (Raja sp.) (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Linnaeus.
Environnement : milieu / zone climatique / profondeur / gamme de distribution Écologie
marin démersal; profondeur 5 - 1020 m (Ref. 114953). Subtropical; 70°N - 38°S, 25°W - 50°E
Distribution Territoires | Zones FAO | Écosystèmes | Occurrences | Carte par point | Introductions | Faunafri
Eastern Atlantic and Southwest Indian Ocean: Iceland to Madagascar, including the Mediterranean Sea.
Longueur à la première maturité / Taille / Poids / Âge
Maturité: Lm 76.6, range 47 - 87.5 cm
Max length : 105 cm TL mâle / non sexé; (Ref. 53748); 139.0 cm TL (female); common length : 85.0 cm TL mâle / non sexé; (Ref. 9987); poids max. publié: 18.0 kg (Ref. 35388); âge max. reporté: 15 années (Ref. 41305)
Max length : 105 cm TL mâle / non sexé; (Ref. 53748); 139.0 cm TL (female); common length : 85.0 cm TL mâle / non sexé; (Ref. 9987); poids max. publié: 18.0 kg (Ref. 35388); âge max. reporté: 15 années (Ref. 41305)
Description synthétique Clés d'identification | Morphologie | Morphométrie
Épines dorsales (Total) : 0; Épines anales: 0. Sub-rhomboid in shape with pointed wing-tips; disc-width 1,25 to 1,36 times in its length, its length 1,70 to 1,83 times in total length. Short rostrum, rounded at his extremity; pectoral fins with clear angles on lateral side; triangular pelvic fins (Ref. 39246). Dorsally prickly; large females also prickly throughout their ventral surface; juveniles and large males prickly along the margins of their discs and the underside of their snout. 30-50 thorns form a median row from the nape to the first dorsal fin; additional large 'buckler' thorns with swollen bases scattered on upper surface of disc in adults (Ref. 3167). Coloration is highly variable, with the dorsal surface having all shades of brown with dark and light spots and blotches; ventral surface white (Ref. 3167, 58137).
Body shape (shape guide): other; Cross section: flattened.
Body shape (shape guide): other; Cross section: flattened.
Inhabits shelf and upper slope waters. Reported depth ranges varies, from 10-300 m (Ref. 4426, 82319, 88187), and from 300-577 m in the eastern Ionian Sea (Ref. 56504); most common in coastal waters between 10-60 m depth (Ref. 58137). Tolerates low salinities (Ref. 88171). Found on mud, sand and gravel bottoms, rarely on rougher bottoms (Ref. 6808, 58137). Nocturnal species. Feeds on all kinds of bottom animals, preferably crustaceans (Ref. 3167) and fishes (Ref. 114953). Undertakes migrations with mean distances of 54-117 km per month; shows a clear annual migration cycle (Ref. 89017, 89018), moves from deeper offshore waters (10-30 m) in autumn and winter to shallower areas (<10 m) in spring (Ref. 82319). Young are non-migratory, inhabiting inshore nursery grounds (Ref. 89019, 89020, 89022); in the Bay of Douarnenez (France) they are found to remain in shallow waters for at least 2 years (Ref. 89023). Maturity age 7-8 years (Ref. 114953). Oviparous. Young may tend to follow large objects, such as their mother (Ref. 205). Detects weak electric fields generated by other organisms (prey detection and predator avoidance) but may also generate its own weak electric fields (Ref. 10311, 88171). Utilized fresh and frozen (Ref. 9987).
Cycle de vie et comportement reproducteur Maturité | Reproduction | Frai | Œufs | Fécondité | Larves
Oviparous. Distinct pairing with embrace. Polyandrous species (Ref. 89024). Paired eggs are laid and deposited on shallow sand, mud, pebble or gravel bottoms (Ref. 205, 89025). Up to 170 egg cases can be laid by a single female in a year (Ref. 3167), but average fecundity is much lower (around 48-74 eggs) (Ref. 3603, 31302). In northwestern Europe, egg cases are laid during spring (Ref. 3167) and in the Mediterranean during winter and spring (Ref. 3167). Egg cases are oblong capsules with stiff pointed horns at the corners, each containing one embryo (Ref. 205). Capsules are 5.0-9.0 cm long without the horns (Ref. 41250, 88187) and 3.4-6.8 cm wide (Ref. 41250). Egg cases are anchored with an adhesive film (Ref. 82399). Embryos feed solely on yolk (Ref. 50449). Egg cases hatch after about 4-5 months and pups are about 11-13 cm TL (Ref. 88864). Mating season from February to September, peaking in June (Ref. 74501). Adults observed to form same-sex aggregations during the mating season with females moving to shallower inshore waters approximately a month before the males (Ref 3603, 58137, 74501). Mating does not occur in the Baltic Sea (Ref. 82311).
Référence principale
Téléchargez vos références | Références | Coordinateur : McEachran, John | Collaborateurs
McEachran, J.D. and K.A. Dunn, 1998. Phylogenetic analysis of skates, a morphologically conservative clade of elasmobranchs (Chondrichthyes: Rajidae). Copeia 1998(2):271-290. (Ref. 27314)
Statut dans la liste rouge de l'IUCN (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-2 (Global))
Quasi-menacé (NT) (A2bd); Date assessed: 15 April 2023
CITES
Not Evaluated
Menace pour l'homme
Harmless
Utilisations par l'homme
Pêcheries: commercial; pêche sportive: oui
FAO - pêcheries: landings search; Publication: search | FishSource | Sea Around Us
Plus d'informations
Écologie trophique
Aliments (proies)
Composition du régime alimentaire
Consommation alimentaire
Rations alimentaires
Prédateurs
Aliments (proies)
Composition du régime alimentaire
Consommation alimentaire
Rations alimentaires
Prédateurs
Dynamique des populations
Paramètres de croissance
Âges / tailles maximales
Longueur-poids rel.
Rel. longueur-longueur.
Fréquences de longueurs
Conversion de masse
Recrutement
Abondance
Paramètres de croissance
Âges / tailles maximales
Longueur-poids rel.
Rel. longueur-longueur.
Fréquences de longueurs
Conversion de masse
Recrutement
Abondance
Cycle de vie
Reproduction
Maturité
Maturité/épines rel.
Fécondité
Frai
Agrégats de frai
Œufs
Développement de l'œuf
Larves
Dynamique des populations larvaires
Reproduction
Maturité
Maturité/épines rel.
Fécondité
Frai
Agrégats de frai
Œufs
Développement de l'œuf
Larves
Dynamique des populations larvaires
Physiologie
Composition corporelle
Nutriments
Consommation d'oxygène
Type de natation
Vitesse de nage
Pigments visuels
Son de poisson
Maladies et parasites
Toxicité (CL50)
Composition corporelle
Nutriments
Consommation d'oxygène
Type de natation
Vitesse de nage
Pigments visuels
Son de poisson
Maladies et parasites
Toxicité (CL50)
Liées à l'homme
Systèmes d'aquaculture
Profils d'aquaculture
Souches
Cas de ciguatera
Timbres, pièces de monnaie, divers
Systèmes d'aquaculture
Profils d'aquaculture
Souches
Cas de ciguatera
Timbres, pièces de monnaie, divers
Outils
Quiz bio | E-book | Guide de terrain | Clés d'identification | Générateur de fréquences de longueur | Outil de dynamique de population | Carte par point |
Capture-MSY |
Articles particuliers
Télécharger en XML
Sources Internet
AFORO (otoliths) | Aquatic Commons | BHL | Cloffa | Websites from users | FishWatcher | CISTI | Catalog of Fishes: Genre, Espèce | DiscoverLife | DORIS | ECOTOX | FAO - pêcheries: landings search; Publication: search | Faunafri | Fishipedia | Fishtrace | GloBI | Google Books | Google Scholar | Google | IGFA World Record | Bases de données nationales | OneZoom | Open Tree of Life | Otolith Atlas of Taiwan Fishes | Aquariums publics | PubMed | Reef Life Survey | Socotra Atlas | TreeBase | Arbre de Vie | Wikipedia: aller à, chercher | World Records Freshwater Fishing | Zoobank | Zoological Record
Estimations basées sur des modèles
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Indice de diversité phylogénétique (Réf. 82804) |
PD50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high]. |
| Bayesian length-weight | a=0.00204 (0.00179 - 0.00233), b=3.25 (3.22 - 3.28), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref. 93245). |
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Niveau trophique (Réf. 69278) |
3.8 ±0.2 se; based on diet studies. |
| Generation time | 7.8 (5.4 - 10.4) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 16 growth studies. |
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Résilience (Réf. 120179) |
Faible, temps minimum de doublement de population : 4,5 à 14 années (K=0.09-0.14; tm=10; tmax=23; Fec=150). |
| Rate of population increase | Prior r = 0.18, 95% CL = 0.12 - 0.26, Based on 4 full stock assessments. |
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Vulnérabilité de la pêche (Ref. 59153) |
High vulnerability (60 of 100). 🛈 |
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Vulnérabilité climatique (Ref. 125649) |
High vulnerability (60 of 100). 🛈 |
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Catégorie de prix (Ref. 80766) |
Medium. |
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Nutriments (Ref. 124155) |
Calcium = 9.22 [1.18, 176.74] mg/100g; Iron = 0.628 [0.060, 7.651] mg/100g; Protein = 17.2 [14.4, 19.5] %; Omega3 = 0.571 [0.265, 1.295] g/100g; Selenium = 39.7 [7.5, 183.1] μg/100g; VitaminA = 5.22 [0.40, 59.91] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.47 [0.03, 5.30] mg/100g (wet weight); based on nutrient studies. |