Añada su observación en Fish Watcher
| Native range | All suitable habitat | Point map | Year 2050 |
|
| This map was computer-generated and has not yet been reviewed. |
| Raja clavata AquaMaps Data sources: GBIF OBIS |
Sube tu fotos y Vídeos
Imágenes | Vídeos | Google image
Raja clavata
Foto de Stergiou, K.I.
Imágenes | Vídeos | Google image
Foto de Stergiou, K.I.
Clasificación / Nombres Nombres comunes | Sinónimos | Catalog of Fishes(Género, Especie) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Elasmobranquios (tiburones y rayas) (sharks and rays) > Rajiformes (Skates and rays) > Rajidae (Skates)
Etymology: Raja: Latin, raja, -ae = a sting ray (Raja sp.) (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Linnaeus.
Etymology: Raja: Latin, raja, -ae = a sting ray (Raja sp.) (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Linnaeus.
Entorno: milieu / zona climática / rango de profundidad / gama de distribución Ecología
marino demersal; rango de profundidad 5 - 1020 m (Ref. 114953). Subtropical; 70°N - 38°S, 25°W - 50°E
Distribución Territorios | Áreas FAO | Ecosistemas | Ocurrencias, apariciones | Mapa de puntos | Introducciones | Faunafri
Eastern Atlantic and Southwest Indian Ocean: Iceland to Madagascar, including the Mediterranean Sea.
Longitud en la primera madurez / Tamaño / Peso / Edad
Madurez: Lm 76.6, range 47 - 87.5 cm
Max length : 105 cm TL macho / no sexado; (Ref. 53748); 139.0 cm TL (female); common length : 85.0 cm TL macho / no sexado; (Ref. 9987); peso máximo publicado: 18.0 kg (Ref. 35388); edad máxima reportada: 15 años (Ref. 41305)
Max length : 105 cm TL macho / no sexado; (Ref. 53748); 139.0 cm TL (female); common length : 85.0 cm TL macho / no sexado; (Ref. 9987); peso máximo publicado: 18.0 kg (Ref. 35388); edad máxima reportada: 15 años (Ref. 41305)
Descripción breve Claves de identificación | Morfología | Morfometría
Espinas dorsales (total) : 0; Espinas anales: 0. Sub-rhomboid in shape with pointed wing-tips; disc-width 1,25 to 1,36 times in its length, its length 1,70 to 1,83 times in total length. Short rostrum, rounded at his extremity; pectoral fins with clear angles on lateral side; triangular pelvic fins (Ref. 39246). Dorsally prickly; large females also prickly throughout their ventral surface; juveniles and large males prickly along the margins of their discs and the underside of their snout. 30-50 thorns form a median row from the nape to the first dorsal fin; additional large 'buckler' thorns with swollen bases scattered on upper surface of disc in adults (Ref. 3167). Coloration is highly variable, with the dorsal surface having all shades of brown with dark and light spots and blotches; ventral surface white (Ref. 3167, 58137).
Body shape (shape guide): other; Cross section: flattened.
Body shape (shape guide): other; Cross section: flattened.
Inhabits shelf and upper slope waters. Reported depth ranges varies, from 10-300 m (Ref. 4426, 82319, 88187), and from 300-577 m in the eastern Ionian Sea (Ref. 56504); most common in coastal waters between 10-60 m depth (Ref. 58137). Tolerates low salinities (Ref. 88171). Found on mud, sand and gravel bottoms, rarely on rougher bottoms (Ref. 6808, 58137). Nocturnal species. Feeds on all kinds of bottom animals, preferably crustaceans (Ref. 3167) and fishes (Ref. 114953). Undertakes migrations with mean distances of 54-117 km per month; shows a clear annual migration cycle (Ref. 89017, 89018), moves from deeper offshore waters (10-30 m) in autumn and winter to shallower areas (<10 m) in spring (Ref. 82319). Young are non-migratory, inhabiting inshore nursery grounds (Ref. 89019, 89020, 89022); in the Bay of Douarnenez (France) they are found to remain in shallow waters for at least 2 years (Ref. 89023). Maturity age 7-8 years (Ref. 114953). Oviparous. Young may tend to follow large objects, such as their mother (Ref. 205). Detects weak electric fields generated by other organisms (prey detection and predator avoidance) but may also generate its own weak electric fields (Ref. 10311, 88171). Utilized fresh and frozen (Ref. 9987).
Ciclo vital y comportamiento de apareamiento Madurez | Reproducción | Puesta | Huevos | Fecundidad | Larva
Oviparous. Distinct pairing with embrace. Polyandrous species (Ref. 89024). Paired eggs are laid and deposited on shallow sand, mud, pebble or gravel bottoms (Ref. 205, 89025). Up to 170 egg cases can be laid by a single female in a year (Ref. 3167), but average fecundity is much lower (around 48-74 eggs) (Ref. 3603, 31302). In northwestern Europe, egg cases are laid during spring (Ref. 3167) and in the Mediterranean during winter and spring (Ref. 3167). Egg cases are oblong capsules with stiff pointed horns at the corners, each containing one embryo (Ref. 205). Capsules are 5.0-9.0 cm long without the horns (Ref. 41250, 88187) and 3.4-6.8 cm wide (Ref. 41250). Egg cases are anchored with an adhesive film (Ref. 82399). Embryos feed solely on yolk (Ref. 50449). Egg cases hatch after about 4-5 months and pups are about 11-13 cm TL (Ref. 88864). Mating season from February to September, peaking in June (Ref. 74501). Adults observed to form same-sex aggregations during the mating season with females moving to shallower inshore waters approximately a month before the males (Ref 3603, 58137, 74501). Mating does not occur in the Baltic Sea (Ref. 82311).
Referencia principal
Suba sus referencias | Referencias | Coordinador : McEachran, John | Colaboradores
McEachran, J.D. and K.A. Dunn, 1998. Phylogenetic analysis of skates, a morphologically conservative clade of elasmobranchs (Chondrichthyes: Rajidae). Copeia 1998(2):271-290. (Ref. 27314)
Situación en la Lista Roja de la UICN (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-2 (Global))
Near Threatened (NT) (A2bd); Date assessed: 15 April 2023
CITES
Not Evaluated
Amenaza para el ser humano
Harmless
Usos humanos
Pesquerías: comercial; pesca deportiva: si
FAO - pesquerías: landings search; Publication: search | FishSource | Sea Around Us
Más información
Ecología Trófica
Alimentos (presas)
Composición de la dieta
consumo de alimento
Raciones de comida
Despredadores
Alimentos (presas)
Composición de la dieta
consumo de alimento
Raciones de comida
Despredadores
Dinámica de la población
Coeficiente del crecimiento para
Edades / tallas máximas
Longitud-peso rel.
Longitud-longitud rel.
Longitud-frecuencias
Conversión de masas
Reclutamiento
Abundancia
Coeficiente del crecimiento para
Edades / tallas máximas
Longitud-peso rel.
Longitud-longitud rel.
Longitud-frecuencias
Conversión de masas
Reclutamiento
Abundancia
Ciclo de vida
Reproducción
Madurez
Madurez/Gills rel.
Fecundidad
Puesta
Agregaciones de desove
Huevos
Desarrollo de los huevos
Larva
Dinámica larvaria
Reproducción
Madurez
Madurez/Gills rel.
Fecundidad
Puesta
Agregaciones de desove
Huevos
Desarrollo de los huevos
Larva
Dinámica larvaria
Distribución
Territorios
Áreas FAO
Ecosistemas
Ocurrencias, apariciones
Introducciones
BRUVS - Vídeos
Territorios
Áreas FAO
Ecosistemas
Ocurrencias, apariciones
Introducciones
BRUVS - Vídeos
Fisiología
Composición corporal
Nutrientes
Consumo del oxígeno
Tipo de natación
Velocidad de natación
Pigmentos visuales
Sonido de peces
Enfermedades y parásitos
Toxicidad (CL50)
Composición corporal
Nutrientes
Consumo del oxígeno
Tipo de natación
Velocidad de natación
Pigmentos visuales
Sonido de peces
Enfermedades y parásitos
Toxicidad (CL50)
Relacionados con el ser humano
Sistemas de acuicultura
Perfiles de acuicultura
Razas
Ciguatera cases
Sellos, monedas, varios
Sistemas de acuicultura
Perfiles de acuicultura
Razas
Ciguatera cases
Sellos, monedas, varios
Herramientas
Cuestionario orgánico | Libro electrónico | Guía de campo | Claves de identificación | Asistente para frecuencias de tallas | Herramienta de ciclo de vida | Mapa de puntos |
Catch-MSY |
Informes especiales
Comprobar el mantenimiento del acuario | Buscar fichas sobre especies | Consulte las hojas informativas sobre acuicultura
Descargar XML
Fuentes de Internet
AFORO (otoliths) | Aquatic Commons | BHL | Cloffa | Websites from users | Check FishWatcher | CISTI | Catalog of Fishes: Género, Especie | DiscoverLife | DORIS | ECOTOX | FAO - pesquerías: landings search; Publication: search | Faunafri | Fishipedia | Fishtrace | GloBI | Google Books | Google Scholar | Google | IGFA World Record | Bases de datos nacionales | OneZoom | Open Tree of Life | Otolith Atlas of Taiwan Fishes | Acuarios públicos | PubMed | Reef Life Survey | Socotra Atlas | TreeBase | Árbol de la vida | Wikipedia: Go, búsqueda | World Records Freshwater Fishing | Zoobank | Expediente Zoológico
Estimaciones basadas en modelos
|
Índice de diversidad filogenética (Referencia 82804) |
PD50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high]. |
| Bayesian length-weight | a=0.00204 (0.00179 - 0.00233), b=3.25 (3.22 - 3.28), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref. 93245). |
|
Nivel trófico (Referencia 69278) |
3.8 ±0.2 se; based on diet studies. |
| Generation time | 7.8 (5.4 - 10.4) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 16 growth studies. |
|
Resiliencia (Referencia 120179) |
Bajo, población duplicada en un tiempo mínimo de 4.5-14 años (K=0.09-0.14; tm=10; tmax=23; Fec=150). |
| Rate of population increase | Prior r = 0.18, 95% CL = 0.12 - 0.26, Based on 4 full stock assessments. |
|
Vulnerabilidad pesquera (Ref. 59153) |
High vulnerability (60 of 100). 🛈 |
|
Vulnerabilidad climática (Ref. 125649) |
High vulnerability (60 of 100). 🛈 |
|
Categoría de precios (Ref. 80766) |
Medium. |
|
Nutrientes (Ref. 124155) |
Calcium = 9.22 [1.18, 176.74] mg/100g; Iron = 0.628 [0.060, 7.651] mg/100g; Protein = 17.2 [14.4, 19.5] %; Omega3 = 0.571 [0.265, 1.295] g/100g; Selenium = 39.7 [7.5, 183.1] μg/100g; VitaminA = 5.22 [0.40, 59.91] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.47 [0.03, 5.30] mg/100g (wet weight); based on nutrient studies. |