محیط زیست: محیط زیست / منطقه آب و هوایی / تغييرات عمق / محدوده توزیع
بوم شناسي
دريايي نزديك كف زي; اقیانوس رو (Ref. 51243); تغييرات عمق 50 - 2000 m (Ref. 4705). Temperate; 79°N - 36°N, 77°W - 55°E
Atlantic Ocean and adjacent Arctic.
طول در اولین بلوغ / اندازه / وزن / سن
بلوغ: Lm 122.0, range 135 - ? cm
Max length : 470 cm TL جنس نر / بدون خواص جنسي; (Ref. 7251); 300.0 cm TL (female); بيشينه وزن گزارش شده: 320.0 kg (Ref. 7251); بيشينه سن گزارش شده: 50 سال ها (Ref. 173)
خارهاي باله پشتي (کل) : 0; شعاع نرم باله پشتي (کل) : 98 - 110; خارهاي باله مخرجي: 0; شعاع نرم باله مخرجي: 73 - 85. Uniformly dark brown or black; young marbled or spotted with paler marks (Ref. 4705).
Body shape (shape guide): fusiform / normal.
Adults are benthic but occasionally pelagic (Ref. 4705). Feed mainly on other fishes (cod, haddock, pogge, sand-eels, herring, capelin), but also takes cephalopods, large crustaceans and other bottom-living animals. Batch spawner (Ref. 51846). Growth rate varies according to density, competition and availability of food. Slow growth rate and late onset of sexual maturity, halibut populations can be seriously affected by overfishing (Ref. 35388). Utilized fresh, dried or salted, smoked and frozen; can be steamed, fried, broiled, boiled, microwaved and baked (Ref. 9988). Also Ref. 58426.
Males reach sexual maturity at 7-8 years and females at 10-11 years. Spawning happens from December to April, near the bottom (300 to 700 m), at temperatures between 5 and 7°. Egg size 3.0-3.8, larval size at hatching 6.5 mm (Ref. 4705).
Vinnikov, K.A., R.C. Thomson and T.A. Munroe, 2018. Revised classification of the righteye flounders (Teleostei: Pleuronectidae) based on multilocus phylogeny with complete taxon sampling. Molecular phylogenetics and evolution, 125:147-162. (Ref. 122998)
وضعيت در فهرست قرمز IUCN (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-2 (Global))
خطر برای انسان ها
Harmless
استفاده انسانی
ماهي گيري – شيلات: تجاري; آبزي پروري: آزمايشي; ماهي ها ي سرگرم كننده: بله; آكواريوم: آکواریوم عمومی
ابزارها
گزارش های ويژه
بارگيری XML
منابع اينترنتي
تخمینها بر اساس مدلها
شاخص تنوع فیلوژنتیکی (مرجع 82804) |
PD50 = 0.7500 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high]. |
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Bayesian length-weight
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a=0.00550 (0.00399 - 0.00757), b=3.17 (3.08 - 3.26), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref. 93245). |
سطح تروفیک (مرجع 69278) |
4.0 ±0.5 se; based on diet studies. |
جهندگی (مرجع 120179) |
خیلی آهسته, كمينه زمان لازم براي دو برابر شدن جمعيت بيش از 14 سال (tmax=30; tm=10; K=0.02-0.2; Fec=1,300,000; also Musick et al. 2000 (Ref. 36717)). |
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Rate of population increase |
Prior r = 0.27, 95% CL = 0.18 - 0.40, Based on 1 full stock assessment. |
آسیبپذیری ماهیگیری (Ref. 59153) |
Very high vulnerability (88 of 100). 🛈 |
آسیبپذیری اقلیمی (Ref. 125649) |
Moderate vulnerability (43 of 100). 🛈 |
طبقه قيمت (Ref. 80766) |
Very high.
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مواد مغذی (Ref. 124155) |
Calcium = 5.62 [1.90, 13.84] mg/100g; Iron = 0.178 [0.067, 0.495] mg/100g; Protein = 17.9 [16.0, 20.4] %; Omega3 = 0.35 [0.14, 0.90] g/100g; Selenium = 57.8 [19.5, 148.9] μg/100g; VitaminA = 7.93 [1.78, 32.76] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.387 [0.168, 0.655] mg/100g (wet weight); based on nutrient studies. |