Ambiente: milieu / zona climatica / distribuzione batimetrica / gamma di distribuzione
Ecologia
marino demersale; oceanodromo (Ref. 51243); distribuzione batimetrica 50 - 2000 m (Ref. 4705). Temperate; 79°N - 36°N, 77°W - 55°E
Atlantic Ocean and adjacent Arctic.
Lunghezza alla prima maturità / Dimensione / Peso / Età
Maturità: Lm 122.0, range 135 - ? cm
Max length : 470 cm TL maschio/sesso non determinato; (Ref. 7251); 300.0 cm TL (female); peso massimo pubblicato: 320.0 kg (Ref. 7251); Età massima riportata: 50 anni (Ref. 173)
Spine dorsali (totale) : 0; Raggi dorsali molli (totale) : 98 - 110; Spine anali: 0; Raggi anali molli: 73 - 85. Uniformly dark brown or black; young marbled or spotted with paler marks (Ref. 4705).
Body shape (shape guide): fusiform / normal.
Adults are benthic but occasionally pelagic (Ref. 4705). Feed mainly on other fishes (cod, haddock, pogge, sand-eels, herring, capelin), but also takes cephalopods, large crustaceans and other bottom-living animals. Batch spawner (Ref. 51846). Growth rate varies according to density, competition and availability of food. Slow growth rate and late onset of sexual maturity, halibut populations can be seriously affected by overfishing (Ref. 35388). Utilized fresh, dried or salted, smoked and frozen; can be steamed, fried, broiled, boiled, microwaved and baked (Ref. 9988). Also Ref. 58426.
Males reach sexual maturity at 7-8 years and females at 10-11 years. Spawning happens from December to April, near the bottom (300 to 700 m), at temperatures between 5 and 7°. Egg size 3.0-3.8, larval size at hatching 6.5 mm (Ref. 4705).
Vinnikov, K.A., R.C. Thomson and T.A. Munroe, 2018. Revised classification of the righteye flounders (Teleostei: Pleuronectidae) based on multilocus phylogeny with complete taxon sampling. Molecular phylogenetics and evolution, 125:147-162. (Ref. 122998)
Stato della Lista Rossa IUCN (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-2 (Global))
Minaccia per l'uomo
Harmless
Usi umani
Pesca: commerciale; Acquacoltura: sperimentale; Pesce da pesca sportiva: si; Acquario: Acquari pubblici
Strumenti
Rapporti speciali
Scarica XML
Fonti Internet
Stime basate su modelli
Indice di diversità filogenetica (Fonte Biblio. 82804) |
PD50 = 0.7500 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high]. |
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Bayesian length-weight
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a=0.00550 (0.00399 - 0.00757), b=3.17 (3.08 - 3.26), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref. 93245). |
Livello trofico (Fonte Biblio. 69278) |
4.0 ±0.5 se; based on diet studies. |
Resilienza (Fonte Biblio. 120179) |
Molto basso, tempo minimo di raddoppiamento della popolazione più di 14 anni (tmax=30; tm=10; K=0.02-0.2; Fec=1,300,000; also Musick et al. 2000 (Ref. 36717)). |
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Rate of population increase |
Prior r = 0.27, 95% CL = 0.18 - 0.40, Based on 1 full stock assessment. |
Vulnerabilità della pesca (Ref. 59153) |
Very high vulnerability (88 of 100). 🛈 |
Vulnerabilità climatica (Ref. 125649) |
Moderate vulnerability (43 of 100). 🛈 |
Categoria di prezzo (Ref. 80766) |
Very high.
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Nutrienti (Ref. 124155) |
Calcium = 5.62 [1.90, 13.84] mg/100g; Iron = 0.178 [0.067, 0.495] mg/100g; Protein = 17.9 [16.0, 20.4] %; Omega3 = 0.35 [0.14, 0.90] g/100g; Selenium = 57.8 [19.5, 148.9] μg/100g; VitaminA = 7.93 [1.78, 32.76] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.387 [0.168, 0.655] mg/100g (wet weight); based on nutrient studies. |