Umwelt: Milieu / Klimazone / Tiefenbereich / Verbreitungsgebiet
Ökologie
seewasser demersal; ozeanodrom (Ref. 51243); tiefenbereich 50 - 2000 m (Ref. 4705). Temperate; 79°N - 36°N, 77°W - 55°E
Atlantic Ocean and adjacent Arctic.
Länge bei der ersten Reifung / Größe / Gewicht / Alter
Geschlechtsreife: Lm 122.0, range 135 - ? cm
Max length : 470 cm TL Männchen/unbestimmt; (Ref. 7251); 300.0 cm TL (female); max. veröff. Gewicht: 320.0 kg (Ref. 7251); max. veröff. Alter: 50 Jahre (Ref. 173)
Rückenflossenstacheln (insgesamt) : 0; Rückenflossenweichstrahlen (insgesamt) : 98 - 110; Afterflossenstacheln: 0; Afterflossenweichstrahlen: 73 - 85. Uniformly dark brown or black; young marbled or spotted with paler marks (Ref. 4705).
Body shape (shape guide): fusiform / normal.
Adults are benthic but occasionally pelagic (Ref. 4705). Feed mainly on other fishes (cod, haddock, pogge, sand-eels, herring, capelin), but also takes cephalopods, large crustaceans and other bottom-living animals. Batch spawner (Ref. 51846). Growth rate varies according to density, competition and availability of food. Slow growth rate and late onset of sexual maturity, halibut populations can be seriously affected by overfishing (Ref. 35388). Utilized fresh, dried or salted, smoked and frozen; can be steamed, fried, broiled, boiled, microwaved and baked (Ref. 9988). Also Ref. 58426.
Males reach sexual maturity at 7-8 years and females at 10-11 years. Spawning happens from December to April, near the bottom (300 to 700 m), at temperatures between 5 and 7°. Egg size 3.0-3.8, larval size at hatching 6.5 mm (Ref. 4705).
Vinnikov, K.A., R.C. Thomson and T.A. Munroe, 2018. Revised classification of the righteye flounders (Teleostei: Pleuronectidae) based on multilocus phylogeny with complete taxon sampling. Molecular phylogenetics and evolution, 125:147-162. (Ref. 122998)
IUCN Rote Liste Status (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-2 (Global))
Bedrohung für Menschen
Harmless
Nutzung durch Menschen
Fischereien: kommerziell; Aquakultur: experimental; Sportfisch: ja; Aquarium: Öffentliche Aquarien
Tools
Zusatzinformationen
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Internet Quellen
Schätzungen auf der Grundlage von Modellen
Phylogenetischer Diversitätsindex (Ref. 82804) |
PD50 = 0.7500 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high]. |
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Bayesian length-weight
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a=0.00550 (0.00399 - 0.00757), b=3.17 (3.08 - 3.26), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref. 93245). |
Trophische Ebene (Ref. 69278) |
4.0 ±0.5 se; based on diet studies. |
Widerstandsfähigkeit (Ref. 120179) |
sehr niedrig, Verdopplung der Population dauert mehr als 14 Jahre. (tmax=30; tm=10; K=0.02-0.2; Fec=1,300,000; also Musick et al. 2000 (Ref. 36717)). |
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Rate of population increase |
Prior r = 0.27, 95% CL = 0.18 - 0.40, Based on 1 full stock assessment. |
Anfälligkeit der Fischerei (Ref. 59153) |
Very high vulnerability (88 of 100). 🛈 |
Klimaanfälligkeit (Ref. 125649) |
Moderate vulnerability (43 of 100). 🛈 |
Preiskategorie (Ref. 80766) |
Very high.
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Nährstoffe (Ref. 124155) |
Calcium = 5.62 [1.90, 13.84] mg/100g; Iron = 0.178 [0.067, 0.495] mg/100g; Protein = 17.9 [16.0, 20.4] %; Omega3 = 0.35 [0.14, 0.90] g/100g; Selenium = 57.8 [19.5, 148.9] μg/100g; VitaminA = 7.93 [1.78, 32.76] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.387 [0.168, 0.655] mg/100g (wet weight); based on nutrient studies. |