Meio ambiente: milieu / Zona climática / intervalo de profundidade / faixa de distribuição
Ecologia
marinhas demersal; oceanódromo (Ref. 51243); intervalo de profundidade 50 - 2000 m (Ref. 4705). Temperate; 79°N - 36°N, 77°W - 55°E
Atlantic Ocean and adjacent Arctic.
Comprimento de primeira maturação / Tamanho / Peso / Idade
Maturidade: Lm 122.0, range 135 - ? cm
Max length : 470 cm TL macho/indeterminado; (Ref. 7251); 300.0 cm TL (female); peso máx. publicado: 320.0 kg (Ref. 7251); idade máx. registrada: 50 anos (Ref. 173)
Espinhos dorsais (total) : 0; Raios dorsais (total) : 98 - 110; Espinhos anais: 0; Raios anais : 73 - 85. Uniformly dark brown or black; young marbled or spotted with paler marks (Ref. 4705).
Body shape (shape guide): fusiform / normal.
Adults are benthic but occasionally pelagic (Ref. 4705). Feed mainly on other fishes (cod, haddock, pogge, sand-eels, herring, capelin), but also takes cephalopods, large crustaceans and other bottom-living animals. Batch spawner (Ref. 51846). Growth rate varies according to density, competition and availability of food. Slow growth rate and late onset of sexual maturity, halibut populations can be seriously affected by overfishing (Ref. 35388). Utilized fresh, dried or salted, smoked and frozen; can be steamed, fried, broiled, boiled, microwaved and baked (Ref. 9988). Also Ref. 58426.
Males reach sexual maturity at 7-8 years and females at 10-11 years. Spawning happens from December to April, near the bottom (300 to 700 m), at temperatures between 5 and 7°. Egg size 3.0-3.8, larval size at hatching 6.5 mm (Ref. 4705).
Vinnikov, K.A., R.C. Thomson and T.A. Munroe, 2018. Revised classification of the righteye flounders (Teleostei: Pleuronectidae) based on multilocus phylogeny with complete taxon sampling. Molecular phylogenetics and evolution, 125:147-162. (Ref. 122998)
Status na Lista Vermelha da UICN (Ref. 130435: Version 2025-2 (Global))
Ameaça para os humanos
Harmless
Uso pelos humanos
Pescarias: espécies comerciais; Aquacultura: experimental; peixe esportivo: sim; Aquário: Aquários públicos
Ferramentas
Relatórios especiais
Baixar XML
Fontes da internet
Estimativas baseadas em modelos
Índice de diversidade filogenética (Ref. 82804) |
PD50 = 0.7500 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high]. |
|
Bayesian length-weight
|
a=0.00550 (0.00399 - 0.00757), b=3.17 (3.08 - 3.26), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref. 93245). |
Nível Trófico (Ref. 69278) |
4.0 ±0.5 se; based on diet studies. |
Resiliência (Ref. 120179) |
Muito baixo(a), tempo mínimo de duplicação da população maior que 14 anos (tmax=30; tm=10; K=0.02-0.2; Fec=1,300,000; also Musick et al. 2000 (Ref. 36717)). |
|
Rate of population increase |
Prior r = 0.27, 95% CL = 0.18 - 0.40, Based on 1 full stock assessment. |
Vulnerabilidade da pesca (Ref. 59153) |
Very high vulnerability (88 of 100). 🛈 |
Vulnerabilidade climática (Ref. 125649) |
Moderate vulnerability (43 of 100). 🛈 |
Categoria de preço (Ref. 80766) |
Very high.
|
Nutrientes (Ref. 124155) |
Calcium = 5.62 [1.90, 13.84] mg/100g; Iron = 0.178 [0.067, 0.495] mg/100g; Protein = 17.9 [16.0, 20.4] %; Omega3 = 0.35 [0.14, 0.90] g/100g; Selenium = 57.8 [19.5, 148.9] μg/100g; VitaminA = 7.93 [1.78, 32.76] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.387 [0.168, 0.655] mg/100g (wet weight); based on nutrient studies. |